What is nitrogen fixation and its molecular biology? PDF...

Plant Metabolism

Unit 4: Nitrogen Metabolism

• Nitrate Assimilation
• Biological Nitrogen Fixation
  • Legumes
  • Non-Legumes
• Physiology and Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation
• Ammonia Assimilation and Transamination
• Mechanisms of Signal Transduction
  • Receptor-Ligand Interactions
  • Calcium Calmodulin
  • MAP Kinase Cascade

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen fixation is a biological process through which atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) is converted into a form usable by plants and other organisms, such as ammonia (NH₃) or related compounds. This process is primarily carried out by certain bacteria and archaea, known as diazotrophs, which possess the enzyme nitrogenase. Nitrogen fixation can occur symbiotically, as in the case of rhizobia bacteria forming nodules on the roots of legumes, or non-symbiotically, by free-living bacteria such as Azotobacter. This process is essential for incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into the biosphere, thereby supporting the growth and development of plants and maintaining the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems.

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